asp.net interview questions with answers for 2 years experience

1 :- If I have more than one version of one assemblies, then how will I use old version (how/where to specify version number?) in my application?

Ans.The version number is stored in the following format: …. The assembly manifest can then contain a reference to which version number we want to use.

2  :-  How do you create threading in.NET? What is the namespace for that?
Ans.
System.Threading;

//create new thread using the thread class’s constructor

Thread myThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart (someFunction));

3 : - What do you mean by Serialize and MarshalByRef?
Ans.
Serialization is the act of saving the state of an object so that it can be recreated (i.e deserialized) at a later date.
The MarshalByRef class is part of the System.Runtime.Remoting namespace and enables us to access and use objects that reside in different application
domains. It is the base class for objects that need to communicate across application domains. MarshalByRef objects are accessed directly within their own
application domain by using a proxy to communicate. With MarshalByValue the a copy of the entire object is passed across the application domain

  4 : - What is the difference between Array and LinkedList?
Ans.An array is a collection of the same type. The size of the array is fixed in its declaration.
A linked list is similar to an array but it doesn’t have a limited size.

8 :-  What is Asynchronous call and how it can be implemented using delegates?
Ans.
A synchronous call will wait for a method to complete before program flow is resumed. With an asynchronous call the program flow continues whilst the method executes.

//create object
SomeFunction objFunc = new SomeFunction();

//create delegate
SomeDelegate objDel = new SomeDelegate(objFunc.FunctionA);

//invoke the method asynchronously (use interface IAsyncResult)
IAsyncResult asynchCall = SomeDelegate.Invoke();

  9 :- How to create events for a control? What is custom events? How to create it?
Ans.
An event is a mechanism used in a class that can be used to provide a notification when something interesting happens. (typical evens in a windows application
include: change text in textbox, double click or click a button, select an item in dropdown box).
A custom event is an event created by the user that other developers can use. For example assuming that we have a CashTransaction class and we have a bank
balance property in that class. We may want to set-up an event that provides a notification when the bank balance drops below a certain amount. In order to
produce an event the process would be roughly as follows:
Create the class for the event derived from EventArgs.
Create a delegate with a return type of void.
Create a class containing the method that will activate the event.
Create a class with methods to handle the event.

  10 : - If you want to write your own dot net language, what steps you will you take care?

Ans.We will need to ensure that the high level code is compiled to MSIL (Microsoft intermediate language) so that it can be interpreted by the CLR.

11 : -  Describe the diffeerence between inline and code behind - which is best in a loosely coupled solution?

Ans.
The term ‘code behind’ refers to application code that is not embedded within the ASPX page and is separated out into a separate file which is then referenced
from the ASPX page. Inline code is the traditional ASP architectural model where business logic code was embedded within the ASP page. Separating the business
logic code from the presentation layer offers several advantages:
1) It allows graphic designers and web developers to work on the presentation layer whilst the application developers concentrate on the business logic.
2) The codebehind file is compiled as a single dll increasing the efficiency of the application,
3) The codebehind model offers a true OO development platform,
4) It speeds up development time as it allows developers to fully maximise the features of the .NET framework such as Cahing, ViewState, Session, Smart Navigation etc.
5) Code is much easier to maintain and susceptible for change.
6) The compiler and VS.NET provides much better support for error checking, intellisense and debugging when using the code behind model.

12 : -  How dot net compiled code will become platform independent?
Ans.
The raison d’etre for .NET was to cater for multiples languages on a single windows platform whereas the aim of Java was to be a single language on multiple
platforms. The only way that .NET can be platform independent is if there is a version of the .NET framework installed on the target machine.

  13 : - Without modifying source code if we compile again, will it be generated MSIL again?

Ans.No.

  14 : - How does you handle this COM components developed in other programming languages in.NET?

Ans.
use TlbImp.exe to import the COM types into your .NET project. If no type library for the COM component then use System.Runtime.InteropServices
use RegAsm.exe to call a .NET developed component in a COM application.

  15 : - How CCW (Com Callable Wrapper) and RCW (Runtime Callable Wrappers) works?

Ans.
CCW: When a COM application calls a NET object the CLR creates the CCW as a proxy since the COM application is unable to directly access the .NET object.
RCW: When a .NET application calls a COM object the CLR creates the RCW as a proxy since the .NET application is unable to directly access the .COM object.

  16 :- What are the new thee features of COM+ services, which are not there in COM (MTS)?

Ans.
Role based security.
Neutral apartment threading.
New environment called context which defines the execution environment

  17 : - What are the differences between COM architecture and.NET architecture?

Ans.
.Net architecture has superseded the old COM architecture providing a flexible rapid application development environment which can be used to create windows,
web and console applications and web services. .NET provides a powerful development environment that can be used to create objects in any .NET compliant language.
.NET addresses the previous problems of dll hell with COM by providing strongly named assemblies and side-by-side execution where two assemblies with the same name can run on the same box.

  18 : - Can we copy a COM dll to GAC folder?

Ans.
No. It only stores .NET assemblies.

  19 : - What is Shared and Repeatable Inheritance?

Ans.
Shared Inheritance-: Shared Inheritance-: ITt is multiple times using same class. The mechanism of deriving a new class from an existing class is called inheritance. Shared inheritance introduces a new opportunity of ambiguity and additional implementation complexity. Assume D inherits from B and C, both of which inherits from A. Here A in shared. Single copy made from both derived classes is called shared inheritance.

 20 : - Can you explain what inheritance is and an example of when you might use it?
 
Ans.
Inheritance is a fundamental feature of any OO language. It allows us to inherit the members and attributes from a base class to a new derived class. This
leads to increased code reusability and also makes applications easier to develop, maintain and extend as the new derived class can contain new features not
available in the base class whilst at the same time preserving the attributes inherited from the base class.

21 : -  How can you write a class to restrict that only one object of this class can be created (Singleton class)?

Ans.
Use the singleton design pattern.

 public sealed class Singleton  
 {  
   static readonly Singleton Instance=new Singleton();  
      static Singleton()  
      {  
      }  
      Singleton()  
      {  
      }  
      public static Singleton Instance  
      {  
           get  
           {  
                return Instance;  
           }  
      }  
 }  

22 : -. What are virtual destructures?

Ans.
A constructor can not be virtual but a destructor may. Use virtual destructors when you want to implement polymorphic tearing down of an object.

  23 : - What is close method? How its different from Finalize and Dispose?
 
Ans.
finalise is the process that allows the garbage collector to clean up any unmanaged resources before it is destroyed.
The finalise method can not be called directly; it is automatically called by the CLR. In order to allow more control over the release of unmanaged resources
the .NET framework provides a dispose method which unlike finalise can be called directly by code.
Close method is same as dispose. It was added as a convenience.

  24 : - What is Boxing and UnBoxing?

Ans.
Boxing is the process of converting a value type to a reference type. More specifically it involves encapsulating a copy of the object and moving it from
stack to heap. Unboxing is the reverse process.

  25 : - What is check/uncheck?

Ans.
checked: used to enable overflow checking for arithmetic and conversion functions.
unchecked: used to disable overflow checking for arithmetic and conversion functions

  26 : -What is the use of base keyword? Tell me a practical example for base keyword’s usage?

Ans.
The base keyword is used to access members of the base class from within a derived class:
* Call a method on the base class that has been overridden by another method.
* Specify which base-class constructor should be called when creating instances of the derived class.

A base class access is permitted only in a constructor, an instance method, or an instance property accessor.
It is an error to use the base keyword from within a static method.
Example:In this example, both the base class, Person, and the derived class, Employee, have a method named Getinfo. By using the base keyword,
it is possible to call the Getinfo method on the base class, from within the derived class.
// keywords_base.cs
// Accessing base class members

 using System;  
 public class Person  
 {  
 protected string ssn = "444-55-6666";  
 protected string name = "John L. Malgraine";  
 public virtual void GetInfo()  
 {  
 Console.WriteLine("Name: {0}", name);  
 Console.WriteLine("SSN: {0}", ssn);  
 }  
 }  
 class Employee: Person  
 {  
 public string id = "ABC567EFG";  
 public override void GetInfo()  
 {  
 // Calling the base class GetInfo method:  
 base.GetInfo();  
 Console.WriteLine("Employee ID: {0}", id);  
 }  
 }  
 class TestClass {  
 public static void Main()  
 {  
 Employee E = new Employee();  
 E.GetInfo();  
 }  
 }  

27 :- What are the different.NET tools which you used in projects?

Ans:Just read your question once again and thought Interviewer might be asking about the development tool you have used to develop ASP.NET projects.
So your answer can be Visual Studio 2005 or 2008 or 2010 whatever you have used, you may also tell Visual Web Developer or any other tool you might
have used to develop your ASP.NET Projects

Click Here : - More Dotnet Interview Question with Answer

website deployment in asp.net

Catergories :- Create Virtual Directory   ,  How i can Host website using Ftp FilZilla Software

Internet Information Services is used to make your computer a web server. If we want to have a web server for developing dynamic website or want to publish
website on our own server then we install the IIS.Internet Information Server (IIS) is a World Wide Web server, a Gopher server and an FTP server all rolled
into one. IIS means that you can publish WWW pages.
If you want to your web application accessible to any other pc in intranet or internet you need to IIS.

Below are steps for deployment:

1.Right click your website and click on Publish website.All compiles files are ready for deployment.
2.Create a backup for database whichever you are using and restore it on production server.
3.Go to server using ftp or filezila copy all compiles file on server.
4.Open Webconfig and change the connection string according to your Database name and server.
5.Create a virtual directory for this website.
6.Your website is ready.
7.Test website http://192.163.0.234(ServerName)/VDName/Login.aspx

How i can use FTP Software
Download the  ftp software from the fowlling link as give below

FileZilla software Download Link
Create Virtual Directory
after downland and install the filezilla you got the icon on the desktop or your program file .Image as shown Below

Click on the icon and open the filezilla client

Wirite the hostname and username and password
host:  ftp.domainname.com or 180.167.50.345 (this is your host IP) 
username: your username
password: your hosting passwrod

After Enter the user name and passwrod click on Quickconnect button then you wil get the message in left hand site

Status:    Directory listing successful

Ajax AsyncFileUpload control example in asp.net to upload files to server

Introduction:

Here I will explain how to use Ajax AsyncFileUpload control to upload files to folder and show progress bar during upload files to server using asp.net.If you want to upload file on the web server then you do not define the path it use virtual path of our folder only set the read and write permission on the folder.

Description : -

I will explain how to use ajax AsyncFileUpload control to upload files to folder in asp.net. Before proceed to implement sample have you install ajaxcontroltoolkit in visual studio or not if not install it otherwise if you already done then follow the below steps to implement Ajax AsyncFileUpload control example in asp.net.

First create one new website after that right click on it add new folder and give name as ‘Files’ after that add AjaxControlToolkit reference to your application and add following line in your aspx page

<%@ Register Namespace="AjaxControlToolkit" Assembly="AjaxControlToolkit" tagPrefix="ajax" %>

Once add above references design your aspx page will be likes this

<%@ Register Assembly="AjaxControlToolkit" Namespace="AjaxControlToolkit" TagPrefix="ajax" %> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head id="Head1" runat="server"> <title>Untitled Page</title> <script type="text/javascript"> // This function will execute after file uploaded successfully function uploadComplete() { document.getElementById('<%=lblMsg.ClientID %>').innerHTML = "File Uploaded Successfully"; } // This function will execute if file upload fails function uploadError() { document.getElementById('<%=lblMsg.ClientID %>').innerHTML = "File upload Failed."; } </script> </head> <body> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <ajax:ToolkitScriptManager ID="scriptManager1" runat="server"/> <div> <ajax:AsyncFileUpload ID="fileUpload1" OnClientUploadComplete="uploadComplete" OnClientUploadError="uploadError" CompleteBackColor="White" Width="350px" runat="server" UploaderStyle="Modern" UploadingBackColor="#CCFFFF" ThrobberID="imgLoad" OnUploadedComplete="fileUploadComplete" /><br /> <asp:Image ID="imgLoad" runat="server" ImageUrl="loading.gif" /> <br /> <asp:Label ID="lblMsg" runat="server" Text=""></asp:Label> </div> </form> </body> </html>

If you observe above code I define lot of properties to ajax:AsyncFileUpload now I will explain all the

Now in code behind add following namespaces

C# Code 

using System; using System.Web.UI; using AjaxControlToolkit;

After completion of adding namespaces write following code in code behind

protected void fileUploadComplete(object sender, AsyncFileUploadEventArgs e) { string filename = System.IO.Path.GetFileName(fileUpload1.FileName); fileUpload1.SaveAs(Server.MapPath("Files/") + filename); }

VB Code

Imports System.Web.UI

Imports AjaxControlToolkit

Partial Class Default

Inherits System.Web.UI.Page

Protected Sub fileUploadComplete(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As AsyncFileUploadEventArgs)

Dim filename As String = System.IO.Path.GetFileName(fileUpload1.FileName)

fileUpload1.SaveAs(Server.MapPath("Files/") & filename)

End Sub

End Class

Download sample code attached

How Install Ajax in visual studio?

    1) First step is to download the latest version of the Ajax Control Toolkit from CodePlex whichever suits to your visual studio. If you are using Visual Studio 2008 then you should pick the version of the Ajax Control Toolkit for .NET 3.5. If you are using Visual Studio 2010 then you can use either the .NET 4 or .NET 3.5 versions of the Ajax Control Toolkit.

create restful wcf service api using post step by step

Categories :-Introduction to WCF , Differences Between WCF and ASP.NET Web Services 
 
Introduction :-
Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) is an SDK for developing and deploying services on Windows. WCF provides a runtime environment for your services, enabling you to expose CLR types as services, and to consume other services as CLR types. In this article, I am going to explain how to implement restful service API using WCF 4.0 . The Created API returns XML and JSON data using WCF attributes.


REST uses some common HTTP methods to insert/delete/update/retrieve information which is below:

1. GET - Requests a specific representation of a resource
2. PUT - Creates or updates a resource with the supplied representation
3. DELETE - Deletes the specified resource
4. POST - Submits data to be processed by the identified resource

Why and Where to Use REST?

1. Less overhead (no SOAP envelope to wrap every call in)
2. Less duplication (HTTP already represents operations like DELETE, PUT, GET, etc. that have to otherwise be represented in a SOAP envelope).
3. More standardized - HTTP operations are well understood and operate consistently. Some SOAP implementations can get finicky.
4. More human readable and testable (harder to test SOAP with just a browser).
5. Don't need to use XML (well, you kind of don't have to for SOAP either but it hardly makes sense since you're already doing parsing of the envelope).
6. Libraries have made SOAP (kind of) easy. But you are abstracting away a lot of redundancy underneath as I have noted. Yes, in theory, SOAP can go over other transports so as to avoid riding atop a layer doing similar things, but in reality just about all SOAP work you'll ever do is over HTTP.

Step by Step Guide For Develop WCF restful web service

We will develop Restful WCS API in 6 steps. So let’s start now.

STEP 1

First of all launch Visual Studio 2010. Click FILE->NEW->PROJECT. Create new "WCF Service Application".

STEP 2

Once you create the project, you can see in solution that By Default WCF service and interface file are already created. Delete By default created file as we will create our own interface and WCF service file.

STEP 3

Now right click on solution and create one new WCF service file. I have given name to the service file as “RestServiceImpl.svc”.

STEP 4

As I explained at the start of the article that we will be writing an API which can return data in XML and JSON format, here is the interface for that. In IRestServiceImpl, add the following code:

Copy the Above shource Code as shown Below

[ServiceContract]     public interface IRestServiceImpl     {         [OperationContract]         [System.ServiceModel.Web.WebInvoke(Method = "GET",ResponseFormat=System.ServiceModel.Web.WebMessageFormat.Xml, BodyStyle =System.ServiceModel.Web.WebMessageBodyStyle.Wrapped, UriTemplate = "xml/{id}")]         string XMLData(string id);         [OperationContract]         [System.ServiceModel.Web.WebInvoke(Method = "GET", ResponseFormat = System.ServiceModel.Web.WebMessageFormat.Json, BodyStyle = System.ServiceModel.Web.WebMessageBodyStyle.Wrapped, UriTemplate = "json/{id}")]         string JSONData(string id);     }

In the above code, you can see two different methods of IRestService which are XMLData and JSONData. XMLData returns result in XML whereas JSONData in JSON.

STEP 5

Open the file RestServiceImpl.svc.cs and write the following code over there:

Find the Source as shown below

public class RestServiceImpl : IRestServiceImpl     {         #region IRestService Members         public string XMLData(string id)         {             return "You Request Porduct" + ":"+id;         }         public string JSONData(string id)         {             return "Yor Request Product" +":"+ id;         }         #endregion     }

STEP 6

Now let’s move to configuration part which is the last one. There will be two basic parts of the configurations file which we must have to understand.

<services> 

This part contains information about the End Point. Below are the code details.

<behaviors>

This part contains details about service and endpoint behavior.

Source code of web.config file as shown below

<?xml version="1.0"?> <configuration>   <system.web>     <compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0" />   </system.web>   <system.serviceModel>     <services>       <service name="RestService.RestServiceImpl" behaviorConfiguration="metadataBehavior">         <endpoint address="" binding="webHttpBinding" contract="RestService.IRestServiceImpl" behaviorConfiguration="web">                       </endpoint>       </service>     </services>     <behaviors>       <serviceBehaviors>         <behavior name="metadataBehavior">                   <!-- To avoid disclosing metadata information, set the value below to false and remove the metadata endpoint above before deployment -->           <serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="true"/>           <!-- To receive exception details in faults for debugging purposes, set the value below to true.  Set to false before deployment to avoid disclosing exception information -->           <serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="false"/>         </behavior>       </serviceBehaviors>       <endpointBehaviors>         <behavior name="web">           <webHttp/>         </behavior>       </endpointBehaviors>     </behaviors>     <serviceHostingEnvironment multipleSiteBindingsEnabled="true" />   </system.serviceModel>  <system.webServer>     <modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests="true"/>   </system.webServer>   </configuration>

Build your Project Which Shown Below

You got  -:                    Service added Succefully in bottom of left hand site of the corner 

Output

 In xml and json format as shown below
Xml Format

JSON Format

Download sample code attached

simple Menu using Jquery Beginners Tutorial

This  article is to teach how to create drop down menu  in html.I am not going to design a
graphical pull down menu.  Instead I am trying to reveal the basic construction of pull down
menu.

  When creating menus using jquery only the hiding and pop up of menu is handled by jquery. The
actual layout is created using  css. Creating drop down menus in css means align a <ul> and
it's child <ul> using css,because the pull down menu is constructed using a <ul>.So code for
creating menu in html includes css and jquery.

You can see a demo of resultant menu here

Code is Here

<html>
<head>

<style type="text/css">

*{    margin: 0;
    padding: 0}
    #menu{
        z-index:5;
    }
a{
text-decoration:none;
}
    #menu li
    {    float: left;
        list-style: none;
   
        }

    #menu li a
    {    display: block;
        }



        #menu li ul
        {
            position: absolute;
            display: none;

            }

        #menu li ul li
        {    float: none;
            display: inline
            }

</style>


<script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
$("#menu > li").mouseenter(function(){
$(this).find('ul').css('display', 'inline');
});

$("#menu > li").mouseleave(function(){
$(this).find('ul').css('display', 'none');
});
});
</script>
</head>


<body>
<ul id="menu">
<li><a>Menu1</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.facebook.com">Facebook</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.google.com">Google</a></li>
<li><a href="http://newprograminglogics.blogspot.com">My Blog</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
<a href="#">Menu2</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.gmail.com">GMail</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.twitter.com">Twitter</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul><br>

</body>
</html>

Code description
                      The pull down menu is actually a  <ul>  that is unordered list. Here in the <body>
section I have placed a <ul>   with id="menu".    As seen in the demo above in this page,
here have two menus namely Menu1 and Menu2.

      This Menu1 and Menu2 are  links(<a>) placed in  <li> of <ul> with id="menu".  Besides this link
there have another <ul> in each <li>.  The  menu items are placed in the <li> of this child <ul>.

        This <ul> without applying  css  is displayed just like a list.   But using some simple css
commands we can convert it into a menu form.

*{    margin: 0;
    padding: 0}
This code is for remove margin and padding from all elements.



#menu{
        z-index:5;
    }

Is used to place the menu above all elements in page.   




a{
text-decoration:none;
}
Is use to remove the under line from links.



In the code segment :-
#menu li
    {    float: left;
        list-style: none;
   
        }
       
        float : left   place the li of ul side by side.In default it is from top to bottom,  that is vertically.       
        list-style: none removes the dots (.) from the front of each item.
       
       
       
        #menu li a
    {    display: block;
        }
       
        Is for display each item as a block.

       
       
        #menu li ul
        {
            position: absolute;
            display: none;

            }
            Here position: absolute is for place the menu items exactly  below  menu heading
            irrespect  of other elements in the page.
            display: none is for hide this contents initially.The menu items will be displayed only
            after mouse entered in menu heading.
           
           
       
        #menu li ul li
        {    float: none;
            display: inline
            }
           
            Here float: none is for remove the float to left property of child <ul>'s <li>, which is
            set in #menu li   by{    float: left}


Because here that does not require because the menu items should be displayed in  vertical manner.
display: inline set the menu items vertically.
   
   
   
                The alignment of menu is over.Now we go through the jquery  section which displays and hide
    the menu items.
   
    $("#menu > li").mouseenter(function(){
$(this).find('ul').css('display', 'inline');
});

      This code will display the child ul,that is our menu items.The parent <ul>s <li>s
mouseenter event is defined with setting child <ul>'s display property to inline.Note
that this is set to display:none initially in the css section.$(this).find(ul)
will get the child element.  .css() is a jquery library function used to change css
property of certain elements.
   
     One more thing  remain is  that we need to hide the menu item again when mouse   is come out from the menu items.        That is done by this code
     
$("#menu > li").mouseleave(function(){
$(this).find('ul').css('display', 'none');
});
});
     This is just like above code. mouseleave   event is used to detect the disappearence of mouse
pointer.      $(this).find('ul')    will give the child <ul> then display : none is used
to hide the menu items.

Download sample code attached

create simple drop down menu using jquery

Difference Between Query String and Session and Cookies

Querystring	Session
Querystring is client side state management technique.	Session is server side state management technique.
Querystring data is page specific i.e. can be accessed in that page only.	Session data can be accessed throughout the session.
Querystring data is visible to user and can be seen in browser url.	Session data is not visible to user.
Data is not secured and can be altered hence insensitive data is stored in querystring.	Data is secured hence sensitive data such as user information is stored.
Querystring has constraint of Maxlength.	Session does not have such constraint.

Difference between Query string and Cookies

cookies is a text file stored on client machine when we surf ant thing on internet by the server automatically we dont have to create it

query string is used to transfer data from 1 page to anothe but this is not safe s it shows in url what data we r sending
pen any site and see url after question mark tht is url

Cookies: - Cookies are little pieces of information that a server stores on a browser. They are of two types
1. Temporary cookie
2. Persistent cookie

Temporary cookie: - They are also known as session cookies. These are volatile in nature. When the browser is shutdown they are erased.

Persistent cookie:- These may be called as permanent cookies. These are especially saved in files. It may remain for a month or year.

Properties of cookies
Some properties of cookie
Name: - represent the name of cookie.
Name value: - represent a collection of key values of cookie
Domain: - represent the domain associated with a specific cookie.
Path: - the path associated with a cookie.
Expires: - expired time of cookie.
Hashkey: - identifies whether the cookie is a cookie dictionary.
Secure: - specifies whether the cookie is to be sent in an encrypted connection or not


Query string is the limited way to pass information to the web server while Transferring from one page to another page. This information is passed in url of the request. see below the code sample


Code Sample

//Retrieving values from query string
String name;
//Retrieving from query string
name = Request.Param["umar"].ToString();

But remember that many browsers impose a limit of 255 characters in query strings. You need to use HTTP-Get method to post a page to server otherwise query string values will not be available.

Difference between Session and Cookies

The basic and main difference between cookie and session is that cookies are stored in the user's browser but sessions can't store in user's browser. This specifies which is best used for.

• A cookie can keep all the information in the client's browser until deleted. If a person has a login and password, this can be set as a cookie in their browser so they do not have to re-login to your website every time they visit. You can store almost anything in a browser cookie.

• Sessions are not reliant on the user allowing a cookie. They work like a token in the browser which allowing access and passing information while the user has opened his browser. The problem in sessions is when you close the browser the session will automatically lost. So, if you had a site requiring a login, this couldn't be saved as a session but it can be saved as a cookie, and the user has to re-login every time they visit.

what is authentication and authorization in .net

Authentication: - prove genuineness

Authorization: - process of granting approval or permission on resources.

The same dictionary meaning applies to ASP.NET as well. In ASP.NET authentication means to identify the user or in other words its nothing but to validate that he exists in your database and he is the proper user.
Authorization means does he have access to a particular resource on the IIS website. A resource can be an ASP.NET web page, media files (MP4, GIF, JPEG etc), compressed file (ZIP, RAR) etc.
So the first process which happens is authentication and then authorization. Below is a simple graphical representation of authentication and authorization. So when the user enters ‘userid’ and ‘password’ he is first authenticated and identified by the user name.
Now when the user starts accessing resources like pages, ASPDOTNETauthentication, videos etc, he is checked whether he has the necessary access for the resources. The process of identifying the rights for resources is termed as ‘Authorization’.

To put it in simple words to identify “he is shiv” is authentication and to identify that “Shiv is admin” is authorization.

Detecting authentication and authorization: - The principal and identity objects
 

At any moment of time if you want to know who the user is and what kind of authentication type he using you can use the identity object. If you want to know what kind of roles it’s associated with then we need to use the principal object. In other words to get authentication details we need to the identity object and to know about authorization details of that identity we need the principal object.

For instance below is a simple sample code which shows how to use identity and principal object to display name and check roles.

difference between form authentication and windows authentication asp net

ASP.NET has ways to Authenticate a user:
1) Forms Authentication :-
 Form authentication is used for internet and intranet based application.
This is provided so that web pages can make use of the local Windows User and Groups .

2) Windows Authentication :-
Windows authentication is the default authentication provided by the .net framework.


Windows Authentication provider is the default authentication provider for ASP.NET applications. When a user using this authentication logs in to an application, the credentials are matched with the Windows domain through IIS.


There are 4 types of Windows Authentication methods:
1) Anonymous Authentication - IIS allows any user
2) Basic Authentication - A windows username and password has to be sent across the network (in plain text format, hence not very secure).
3) Digest Authentication - Same as Basic Authentication, but the credentials are encrypted. Works only on IE 5 or above
4) Integrated Windows Authentication - Relies on Kerberos technology, with strong credential encryption



Forms Authentication - This authentication relies on code written by a developer, where credentials are matched against a database. Credentials are entered on web forms, and are matched with the database table that contains the user information.

 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Authentication And Authorization
Authentication is the process of identification and validation of a user's credentials. After the identity is authenticated,
a process called authorization determines whether that identity has access to a particular resource.
ASP.NET provides three ways to authenticate a user:
Forms authentication
Windows authentication
Passport authentication

Setting in web.config file given below

Forms authentication
<configuration>
<system.web>
<authentication mode="Forms"/>
<forms name="login"loginUrl="loginPage.aspx" />
<authorization>
<deny users="?"/>
</authorization>
</system.web>
</configuration>

Windows authentication
<authentication mode="Windows"/>
<authorization>
<allow users ="*" />
</authorization>

Passport authentication
<configuration>
<system.web>
<authenticationmode="Passport">
<passportredirectUrl="loginPage.aspx" />
</authentication>
<authorization>
<deny users="?" />
</authorization>
</system.web>
</configuration>

df

asp.net state management/session interview questions answer

1).What is state management?
Ans: State management is the process by which you maintain state and page information over multiple requests for the same or different pages.

2).Http is stateless, What does this mean?
Ans: Stateless protocol is a communications protocol that treats each request as an independent transaction that is unrelated to any previous request so that the communication consists of independent pairs of requests and responses.

3).What is Session?
Ans: We know that Http is stateless, means when we open a webpage and fill some information and then move to next page then the data which we have entered will lost.
It happed do to Http protocol stateless nature. So here session come into existence, Session provide us the way of storing data in server memory. So you can store your page data into server
memory and retrieve it back during page postbacks.

4).What are the Advantage and disadvantage of Session?
Ans: Advantages:
Session provide us the way of maintain user state/data.
It is very easy to implement.
One big advantage of session is that we can store any kind of object in it. :eg, datatabe, dataset.. etc
By using session we don't need to worry about data collesp, because it store every client data separately.
Session is secure and transparent from the user.
Disadvantages:
Performance overhead in case of large volumes of data/user, because session data is stored in server memory.
Overhead involved in serializing and de-serializing session data, because in the case of StateServer and SQLServer session modes, we need to serialize the objects before storing them.

5).What is Session ID in Asp.net?
Ans: Asp.Net use 120 bit identifier to track each session. This is secure enough and can't be reverse engineered. When client communicate with server, only session id is transmitted, between them. When client request for data, ASP.NET looks on to session ID and retrieves corresponding data.

6).By default where the sessions ID's are stored ?
Ans: By default, the unique identifier for a session is stored in a non-expiring session cookie in the browser. You can specify that session identifiers not be stored in a cookie by setting the cookieless attribute to true in the sessionState configuration element.
We can also configure our application to store it in the url by specifying a "cookieless" session
The ASP Session cookie has this format:-
ASPSESSIONIDACSSDCCC=APHELKLDMNKNIOJONJACDHFN


7).Where does session stored if cookie is disabled on client’s machine?
Ans: If you want to disable the use of cookies in your ASP.NET application and still make use of session state, you can configure your application to store the session identifier in the URL instead of a cookie by setting the cookieless attribute of the sessionState configuration element to true, or to UseUri, in the Web.config file for your application.
The following code example shows a Web.config file that configures session state to use cookieless session identifiers.

Code:

<configuration>
  <system.web>
    <sessionState
      cookieless="true"
      regenerateExpiredSessionId="true"
      timeout="30" />
  </system.web>
</configuration>

8).Can you describe all the property set in web.config under session state?
Ans:

Code:

<configuration>
  <sessionstate
      mode="inproc"
      cookieless="false"
      timeout="20"
      sqlconnectionstring="data source=127.0.0.1;user id=<user id>;password=<password>"
      server="127.0.0.1"
      port="42424"
  />
</configuration>

Mode: The mode setting supports three options: inproc, sqlserver, and stateserver. As stated earlier, ASP.NET supports two modes: in process and out of process. There are also two options for out-of-process state management: memory based (stateserver), and SQL Server based (sqlserver). We'll discuss implementing these options shortly.
Cookieless: The cookieless option for ASP.NET is configured with this simple Boolean setting.
Timeout: This option controls the length of time a session is considered valid. The session timeout is a sliding value; on each request the timeout period is set to the current time plus the timeout value
Sqlconnectionstring: The sqlconnectionstring identifies the database connection string that names the database used for mode sqlserver.
Server: In the out-of-process mode stateserver, it names the server that is running the required Windows NT service: ASPState.
Port: The port setting, which accompanies the server setting, identifies the port number that corresponds to the server setting for mode stateserver.

9).What are Session Events?
Ans: There are two types of session events available in ASP.NET:
Session_Start
Session_End
You can handle both these events in the global.asax file of your web application. When a new session initiates, the session_start event is raised, and the Session_End event raised when a session is abandoned or expires.

10).How you can disable session?
Ans: If we set session Mode="off" in web.config, session will be disabled in the application. For this, we need to configure web.config the following way:

Code:

<configuration>
  <sessionstate  Mode="off"/>
</configuration>

latest interview questions on asp net c# for 2 years experience

Introduction :-
I have collected the best asp.net and c#.net question with answer for experience person who have two [2] years of experience in asp.net and c#.net.
Firstly any enterviewer ask to you

1 :-  How is Felling know ?
Asn :- Good ,Felling well like this you give the answer

2  :- Tell me about your self in brief ?
Good morning sir/madam.

This is Chitranjan Singh Rathore

My educational qualification are:

I have completed my 10th standard in 2002 from  Little flower school and also 12th standard in 2004.

I have completed my graduation in 2007 from Holkar science college.

I have completed my post graduation in 2010 from Medicaps Colloege indore .

Coming to my family background.

My father is a private employee in banking sector.

My mother is a housewife.

I have 1 elder sister and 2 elder brother.

My personal details are.

My strength are hardworking and truth person.

My weakness are emotional and a little shy.

My hobbies are playing cricket and indoor games.

Thank you.
3 :- What is asp.net life cycle ?

Life Cycle Events

PreInit

The properties like IsPostBack have been set at this time.

This event will be used when we want to:

1. Set master page dynamically.
2. Set theme dynamically.
3. Read or set profile property values.
4. This event is also preferred if want to create any dynamic controls.

Init

1. Raised after all the controls have been initialized with their default values and any skin settings have been applied.
2. Fired for individual controls first and then for page.

LoadViewState

1. Fires only if IsPostBack is true.
2. Values stored in HiddenField with id as _ViewState decoded and stored into corresponding controls.

LoadPostData

Some controls like:

1. Fires only if IsPostBack is true.
2. Some controls like Textbox are implemented from IPostBackDataHandler and this fires only for such controls.
3. In this event page processes postback data included in the request object pass it to the respective controls.

PreLoad

• Used only if want to inject logic before actual page load starts.

Load

• Used normally to perform tasks which are common to all requests, such as setting up a database query.

Control events

1. This event is fired when IsPostBack is true.
2. Use these events to handle specific control events, such as a Button control's Click event or a TextBox control's TextChanged event.

PreRenderRaised after the page object has created all the controls that are required for rendering which includes child controls and composite controls.

1. Use the event to make final changes to the contents of the page or its controls before the values are stored into the viewstate and the rendering stage begins.
2. Mainly used when we want to inject custom JavaScript logic.

SaveViewState

• All the control values that support viewstate are encoded and stored into the viewstate.

RenderGenerates output (HTML) to be rendered at the client side.

• We can add custom HTML to the output if we want here.

Unload

1. Fired for individual controls first and then for page.
2. Used to perform cleanup work like closing open files and database connections.

5 :- How the request is handled by IIS ?

We give an URL to an aspx page in the browser address bar and press enter. What happens next? We get the response in terms of rendered HTML but how?

1. We are requesting something from the browser, which means indirectly we are requesting something from the Web Server, that means IIS. IIS, based on the file extension, decides which ISAPI extension can serve the request.
   
   And in case of ASP.Net (.aspx) it will be aspnet_isapi_dll so the request is passed to it for processing.
    
2. When the first request comes to the website,
   
   an application domain is created by the ApplicationManager class where exactly the website runs, and which creates an isolation between 2 web applications.
   Within the application domain an instance of the HostingEnvironment class is created which provides access information about the application such as the name of the folder where the application is stored.
    
3. Next ASP.Net creates core objects like HttpContext, HttpRequest,HttpResponse.
    
4. Finally the application starts by creating an instance of the HttpApplication Class (which can be reused for multiple requests to maximize performance).

6 :- difference between form authentication and windows authentication asp net ?
ans - Click Here
 difference between form authentication and windows authentication asp net 

7 :- what is authentication and authorization in .net ? 
ans :- Click Here 
what is authentication and authorization in .net

8 :- What is Difference between Session and Cookies  ? 

The basic and main difference between cookie and session is that cookies are stored in the user's browser but sessions can't store in user's browser. This specifies which is best used for.

• A cookie can keep all the information in the client's browser until deleted. If a person has a login and password, this can be set as a cookie in their browser so they do not have to re-login to your website every time they visit. You can store almost anything in a browser cookie.

• Sessions are not reliant on the user allowing a cookie. They work like a token in the browser which allowing access and passing information while the user has opened his browser. The problem in sessions is when you close the browser the session will automatically lost. So, if you had a site requiring a login, this couldn't be saved as a session but it can be saved as a cookie, and the user has to re-login every time they visit.
cookies are nothing but a small piece of information on the client machine. before we create a cookies we should check whether the cookies are allowed at the browser side. They are limited in a size 4k.(they are 2 types of cookies peristant cookie , and session cookies)

Sessions cookies are stored in a server memory during the client browser session.When the browser is closed the session cookies are lost.

9 :-Advantages and disadvantages of Session?
Following are the basic advantages and disadvantages of using session. I have describe in details with each type of session at later point of time.

Advantages:

• It helps maintain user state and data all over the application.
• It is easy to implement and we can store any kind of object.
• Stores client data separately.
• Session is secure and transparent from the user.

Disadvantages:

• Performance overhead in case of large volumes of data/user, because session data is stored in server memory.
• Overhead involved in serializing and de-serializing session data, because in the case of StateServer and SQLServer session modes, we need to serialize the objects before storing them.

Besides these, there are many advantages and disadvantages of session that are based on the session type. I have discussed all of them in the respective sections below.