gridview rowcommand object reference not set to an instance of an object

Introduction : -

I am using a gridview with objectdatasource .I have select the data from object datasource but when i insert form gridview i got the error gridview rowcommand object reference not set to an instance of an object.

 Error Page is Here

My gridvew show the all the record from the database as shown in below figure.

Insert the values in textbox

When I insert data in textbox of gridview end click on Insert link then i got the error

Solution :-I am not bind the insert command through the ObjectDataSource like this as shown in figure 

Bind the onbect Data Source Like This Figure
 

Click Next

Click On Fnish Button and Run the Project and you are not getting any error .Data is inserting using gridview successfully as shown  below   figure.

Basic Step by Step WCF WebService

Categories :- create restful wcf service api using post ,   Introduction of WCF web service


Introdution- : -
 In my Previous Article I have create restful wcf service api using post and Introduction of WCF web service  In this post i am explain how i can create a WCF service in asp.net and call through windows from

Description : -

Creating a simple 'Hello World'-like WCF service is very simple with Visual Studio 2010. Open Visual Studio 2010 and select New => Project => WCF Service. Name it for example, HelloWorldWCF. It will initially create 2 files for you (IService.cs and IService.svc). Delete them.
Right-click on your project and add a new WCF Service named HW.svc. Your project should look something like this.

Open the IService1.cs  file and modify it so it looks like this.

namespace HelloWorld
{
    // NOTE: You can use the "Rename" command on the "Refactor" menu to change the interface name "IService1" in both code and config file together.
    [ServiceContract]
    public interface IService1
    {

        [OperationContract]
        string GetData(int value);

        [OperationContract]
        CompositeType GetDataUsingDataContract(CompositeType composite);
     
        [OperationContract]
        float AccountBalance(int AccountNumber);

        // TODO: Add your service operations here
    }


    // Use a data contract as illustrated in the sample below to add composite types to service operations.
    [DataContract]
    public class CompositeType
    {
        bool boolValue = true;
        string stringValue = "Hello ";

        [DataMember]
        public bool BoolValue
        {
            get { return boolValue; }
            set { boolValue = value; }
        }

        [DataMember]
        public string StringValue
        {
            get { return stringValue; }
            set { stringValue = value; }
        }
    }
}

Then open the Service1.svc.cs file which is the code-behind for the HW.svc file. Modify it so it looks like this. And write the code as shown below

namespace HelloWorld
{
    // NOTE: You can use the "Rename" command on the "Refactor" menu to change the class name "Service1" in code, svc and config file together.
    public class Service1 : IService1
    {

        public float AccountBalance(int AccountNumber)
        {
            //access a secured database for this.
            if (AccountNumber == 786)
            {
                return 56789.0F;

            }
            else
            {
                return 0.0F;
            }

        }
        public string GetData(int value)
        {
            return string.Format("You entered: {0}", value);
        }

        public CompositeType GetDataUsingDataContract(CompositeType composite)
        {
            if (composite == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException("composite");
            }
            if (composite.BoolValue)
            {
                composite.StringValue += "Suffix";
            }
            return composite;
        }
    }
}

That's it. You have just created your first WCF service. To run it, right-click on the IService1.cs  and select 'Set as Start Page' and then push F5. The WCF Testclient opens up. Double click on the method you just created, enter in a value for the parameter and select the call button.Image As Shown Below

Press F5 for execute the service and you get he following screen

Second Screen Is

Check You WCF Service As shown in figure

Consuming the WCF service from a Windows Form application is just as easy as creating it. In the WCF Testclient, note the http address and port that Visual Studio is using to run you WCF webservice. It may look like this (http://localhost:4428/Service1.svc). You will need this url from within the Windows Form to add a reference to the WCF service.

Open another instance of Visual Studio 2010. Leave the instance you used to created the service open and the personal web service running. If you close it down, you will not be able to access the url above that is running the service.

In the new instance of Visual Studio 2010, select New => Project => Windows Form Application. Add a button and a label to the form. In the Solution explorer, right-click references and select Add Web Resource and enter the url we noted from the WCF Testclient, then Go. Give the service a logical namespace and select ok. In this example I named it AccountBalance.

 Add On Button and One Label on the form as shown below(in this form label is used for display the values)

Write Click on callwcfservice and Add Service Reference As Shown Below

Type The WFC Service Name and click ok as shown below fogure

Your solution explorer should look something like this.

  Lastly, add the code to the button clicked event to call the WCF service.

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            AccountBalance.Service1Client client =new AccountBalance.Service1Client();
            double message = client.AccountBalance(786);
            lbl_value.Text = message.ToString();

        }

Run the Form and click on Button then You will Get the output of the web service .

If you are like this article then please give me you valuable comment related to this post and mail me if you get any error .

Download sample code attached

database-normalization

First Normal Form

• Eliminate repeating groups in individual tables.
• Create a separate table for each set of related data.
• Identify each set of related data with a primary key.

Do not use multiple fields in a single table to store similar data. For example, to track an inventory item that may come from two possible sources, an inventory record may contain fields for Vendor Code 1 and Vendor Code 2.

What happens when you add a third vendor? Adding a field is not the answer; it requires program and table modifications and does not smoothly accommodate a dynamic number of vendors. Instead, place all vendor information in a separate table called Vendors, then link inventory to vendors with an item number key, or vendors to inventory with a vendor code key.

Second Normal Form

• Create separate tables for sets of values that apply to multiple records.
• Relate these tables with a foreign key.

Records should not depend on anything other than a table's primary key (a compound key, if necessary). For example, consider a customer's address in an accounting system. The address is needed by the Customers table, but also by the Orders, Shipping, Invoices, Accounts Receivable, and Collections tables. Instead of storing the customer's address as a separate entry in each of these tables, store it in one place, either in the Customers table or in a separate Addresses table.

Third Normal Form

• Eliminate fields that do not depend on the key.

Values in a record that are not part of that record's key do not belong in the table. In general, any time the contents of a group of fields may apply to more than a single record in the table, consider placing those fields in a separate table.

For example, in an Employee Recruitment table, a candidate's university name and address may be included. But you need a complete list of universities for group mailings. If university information is stored in the Candidates table, there is no way to list universities with no current candidates. Create a separate Universities table and link it to the Candidates table with a university code key.

EXCEPTION: Adhering to the third normal form, while theoretically desirable, is not always practical. If you have a Customers table and you want to eliminate all possible interfield dependencies, you must create separate tables for cities, ZIP codes, sales representatives, customer classes, and any other factor that may be duplicated in multiple records. In theory, normalization is worth pursing. However, many small tables may degrade performance or exceed open file and memory capacities.

It may be more feasible to apply third normal form only to data that changes frequently. If some dependent fields remain, design your application to require the user to verify all related fields when any one is changed.

Other Normalization Forms

Fourth normal form, also called Boyce Codd Normal Form (BCNF), and fifth normal form do exist, but are rarely considered in practical design. Disregarding these rules may result in less than perfect database design, but should not affect functionality.

Normalizing an Example Table

These steps demonstrate the process of normalizing a fictitious student table.

1. Unnormalized table:
   
   

   Student#	Advisor	Adv-Room	Class1	Class2	Class3
   1022	Jones	412	101-07	143-01	159-02
   4123	Smith	216	201-01	211-02	214-01

2. First Normal Form: No Repeating Groups
   
   Tables should have only two dimensions. Since one student has several classes, these classes should be listed in a separate table. Fields Class1, Class2, and Class3 in the above records are indications of design trouble.
   
   Spreadsheets often use the third dimension, but tables should not. Another way to look at this problem is with a one-to-many relationship, do not put the one side and the many side in the same table. Instead, create another table in first normal form by eliminating the repeating group (Class#), as shown below:
   
   

   Student#	Advisor	Adv-Room	Class#
   1022	Jones	412	101-07
   1022	Jones	412	143-01
   1022	Jones	412	159-02
   4123	Smith	216	201-01
   4123	Smith	216	211-02
   4123	Smith	216	214-01

3. Second Normal Form: Eliminate Redundant Data
   Note the multiple Class# values for each Student# value in the above table. Class# is not functionally dependent on Student# (primary key), so this relationship is not in second normal form.
   
   The following two tables demonstrate second normal form:
   
   Students:
   
   

   Student#	Advisor	Adv-Room
   1022	Jones	412
   4123	Smith	216

   
   
   Registration:
   
   

   Student#	Class#
   1022	101-07
   1022	143-01
   1022	159-02
   4123	201-01
   4123	211-02
   4123	214-01

4. Third Normal Form: Eliminate Data Not Dependent On Key
   
   In the last example, Adv-Room (the advisor's office number) is functionally dependent on the Advisor attribute. The solution is to move that attribute from the Students table to the Faculty table, as shown below:
   
   Students:
   
   

   Student#	Advisor
   1022	Jones
   4123	Smith

   
   
   Faculty:
   
   

   Name	Room	Dept
   Jones	412	42
   Smith	216	42

change text box border color css using jquery asp.net

Introduction : -
Here i will explain how i can change the boder color of textbox after insert the number using Jquery in Asp.Net   In My Previous Article I have Provide  jQuery Restrict to Allow Only Numbers in Textbox in Asp.net .

Description : -
In previous posts I explained  I have Explain create simple drop down menu using jquery ,Simple Menu using Jquery step by step  Now   I will expplain how to allow only numbers or numeric characters in textbox using Jquery  in Asp.net .

Jquery Scripts As Shown Below for Change the textbox Border Color in asp.net

Note :- I am  using visual stdio 2010 show i  include the jquey in my page form the scripts folder

<head runat="server">
    <title>Change textbox color on insert the any alfa numeric values</title>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="Scripts/jquery-1.4.1.js"></script>

<!--change the border color color of textbox-->
    <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">
        debugger;
        $(document).ready(function () {
            $(".txt1").keypress(function () {
                var str = /^[0-9a-zA-Z]+$/;
                var value = $(this).val();
                if (!str.test(value)) {
                    $(".txt1").css({ borderColor: 'Red' });
                }
                else {
                    $(".txt1").css({ borderColor: 'Green', BorderWidth: '3px' });
                }

            }).keypress();
        });
</script>

<script type="text/javascript">

    $(document).ready(function () {

        $(".txt2").keypress(function () {

            var str2 = /^[0-9a-zA-Z]+$/;
            var value = $(this).val();
            if (!str2.test(value)) {
                $(".txt2").css({ borderColor: 'red' });
            }
            else {
                $(".txt2").css({ borderColor: 'Green', BorderWidth: '2px' });
            }
        });
    });

</script>

</head>

Asp.net Text Box Controll On the Form As shown Below

<body>
<center>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
    <div>
        Name&nbsp;&nbsp; :&nbsp; <asp:TextBox ID="txt2" runat="server" BorderWidth="2px" class="txt2"></asp:TextBox><br/><br/>
    Password :&nbsp; <asp:textbox id="txt1" runat="server" borderwidth="1px" class="txt1"></asp:textbox>
    </div>
    </form>
    </center>
</body>

 Output Windows as shown below

Download sample code attached

Implicit conversion from data type varchar to varbinary is not allowed

Error :-Implicit conversion from data type varchar to varbinary is not allowed

Solution :- This Problem Occur when we define the wrong data type declaration for create the table 
Example as Shown Below

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[issue_tab](
 [id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
 [name] [varchar](255) NULL,
 [party] [varchar](255) NULL,
 [address] [text] NULL,
 [related_person] [varchar](255) NULL,
 [type_selection] [varchar](255) NULL,
 [contactno] [VARBINARY(MAX)](10) NULL,
 CONSTRAINT [PK_issue_tab] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
 [id] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX  = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE  = OFF

, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS  = ON,

 ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS  = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY] TEXTIMAGE_ON [PRIMARY]

GO

In this Above table Lock at the highlight contactno coloumn .The datatype is[VARBINARY(MAX)](10) NULL show we get the error .

Result : - So Change the Data Type Like Varchar and According to You Want to Enter From the Form

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[issue_tab](
 [id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
 [name] [varchar](255) NULL,
 [party] [varchar](255) NULL,
 [address] [text] NULL,
 [related_person] [varchar](255) NULL,
 [type_selection] [varchar](255) NULL,
 [contactno] [varchar]](255) NULL,
 CONSTRAINT [PK_issue_tab] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
 [id] ASC
)WITH (PAD_INDEX  = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE  = OFF

, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS  = ON,

 ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS  = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY] TEXTIMAGE_ON [PRIMARY]

GO

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

jQuery Restrict to Allow Only Numbers in Textbox in Asp.net

Introduction : -
Here I will explain how to allow only numbers or numeric characters in textbox using JQuery in asp.net.with error message 

Description :- 
In previous posts I explained  I have Explain create simple drop down menu using jquery ,Simple Menu using Jquery step by step  Now   I will expplain how to allow only numbers or numeric characters in textbox using JQuery in asp.net.

To restrict user to enter only number in textbox we write the following code as shown below

Jquery code as shown below

 Code is Here

<head runat="server">
    <title>jquery text box valiation only enter the number</title>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="Scripts/jquery-1.4.1.js"></script>

    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(document).ready(function () {
    //called when key is pressed in textbox
            $("#quantity").keypress(function (e) {
                //if the letter is not digit then display error and don't type anything
                if (e.which != 8 && e.which != 0 && (e.which < 48 || e.which > 57)) {
                    //display error message
                    $("#errmsg").html("Digits Only").show().fadeOut("slow");
                    return false;
                }
            });
        });
 
    </script>
    <style type="text/css">
    #errmsg
    {
        color:Red;
    </style>

  
</head>

asp.net  form code here
 Code is Here

<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
    <div>
   Number : <input type="text" name="quantity" id="quantity" />&nbsp;<span id="errmsg"></span><br /><br/>
 
    </div>
    </form>
</body>

After Write Code The Page Is Shown Below

Download sample code attached

Simple Menu using Jquery Beginners Tutorial , create simple drop down menu using jquery

create simple drop down menu using jquery

Introduction : -

While creating menus, the most preferred method is to use some sort of lists which will ease in standardization of the thing. This way styling with CSS become more easier and powerful. For a complete reference of how lists work check this link for reference.

You can see a demo of resultant menu here

Introduction to WCF

Introduction :-

Windows Communication Foundation (Code named Indigo) is a programming platform and runtime system for building, configuring and deploying network-distributed services. It is the latest service oriented technology; Interoperability is the fundamental characteristics of WCF. It is unified programming model provided in .Net Framework 3.0. WCF is a combined features of Web Service, Remoting, MSMQ and COM+. WCF provides a common platform for all .NET communication.

Below figures shows the different technology combined to form WCF.

Advantage

1. WCF is interoperable with other services when compared to .Net Remoting,where the client and service have to be .Net.
2. WCF services provide better reliability and security in compared to ASMX web services.
3. In WCF, there is no need to make much change in code for implementing the security model and changing the binding. Small changes in the configuration will make your requirements.
4. WCF has integrated logging mechanism, changing the configuration file settings will provide this functionality. In other technology developer has to write the code.

Disadvantage

Making right design for your requirement is little bit difficult. I will try to help you on solving these difficulties in the following article.

onclick checkbox select data from gridview asp.net

 Introduction : -

In this Tutorial when user select the one or multipal  checkbox  from the gridview and show the values on the form.

Description : -
 
In my Previous article i have provided the asp.net interview questions with answers for 2 years experience  Ajax AsyncFileUpload control example in asp.net to upload files to server   jquery form validation in asp.net  I have Provide the More Difference b/w Differences Between WCF and ASP.NET Web Services   and also provide the  create restful wcf service api using post step by step

To get checkbox selected row values from gridview we need to write the code like this

C# Code

foreach(GridViewRow  gvrow in gvDetails.Rows)

{

CheckBox chk = (CheckBox)gvrow.FindControl("chkSelect");

if (chk != null & chk.Checked)

{

str += gvDetails.DataKeys[gvrow.RowIndex].Value.ToString() + ',';

strname += gvrow.Cells[2].Text+',';

}

}

If you want to see complete example we need to write the following code in aspx page

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head runat="server">     <title></title>     <script type="text/javascript" language="javascript">         function ConfirmOnDelete(item) {             if (confirm("Would you like to delete selected item(s)?") == true)                 return true;             else                 return false;         }     </script> </head> <body>     <form id="form1" runat="server">     <div>       <asp:GridView ID="gvDetails" DataKeyNames="UserId" AutoGenerateColumns="False"             CellPadding="4" runat="server" ForeColor="#333333" GridLines="None">           <AlternatingRowStyle BackColor="White" /> <Columns> <asp:TemplateField> <ItemTemplate> <asp:CheckBox ID="chkSelect" runat="server" /> </ItemTemplate> </asp:TemplateField> <asp:BoundField HeaderText="UserId" DataField="UserId" /> <asp:BoundField HeaderText="UserName" DataField="UserName" /> <asp:BoundField HeaderText="Education" DataField="Education" /> <asp:BoundField HeaderText="Location" DataField="Location" /> </Columns>           <EditRowStyle BackColor="#7C6F57" />           <FooterStyle BackColor="#1C5E55" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="White" /> <HeaderStyle BackColor="#1C5E55" Font-Bold="true" ForeColor="White" />           <PagerStyle BackColor="#666666" ForeColor="White" HorizontalAlign="Center" />           <RowStyle BackColor="#E3EAEB" />           <SelectedRowStyle BackColor="#C5BBAF" Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="#333333" />           <SortedAscendingCellStyle BackColor="#F8FAFA" />           <SortedAscendingHeaderStyle BackColor="#246B61" />           <SortedDescendingCellStyle BackColor="#D4DFE1" />           <SortedDescendingHeaderStyle BackColor="#15524A" /> </asp:GridView> <asp:Button ID="btnProcess" Text="Get Selected Records" runat="server" Font-Bold="true" onclick="btnProcess_Click" /><br /> <asp:Label ID="lblmsg" runat="server" />     </div>     </form> </body> </html>

Now in code behind add the following namespaces

C# Code

using System; using System.Data; using System.Data.SqlClient; using System.Web.UI.WebControls;

Now add below code in code behind

protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)     {         if (!IsPostBack)         {             BindGridviewData();         }        }      protected void BindGridviewData() { DataTable dt = new DataTable(); dt.Columns.Add("UserId", typeof(Int32)); dt.Columns.Add("UserName", typeof(string)); dt.Columns.Add("Education", typeof(string)); dt.Columns.Add("Location", typeof(string)); DataRow dtrow = dt.NewRow();    // Create New Row dtrow["UserId"] = 1;            //Bind Data to Columns dtrow["UserName"] = "chitranjan"; dtrow["Education"] = "M.C.A"; dtrow["Location"] = "Indore"; dt.Rows.Add(dtrow); dtrow = dt.NewRow();               // Create New Row dtrow["UserId"] = 2;               //Bind Data to Columns dtrow["UserName"] = "Aman"; dtrow["Education"] = "B.E"; dtrow["Location"] = "Pune"; dt.Rows.Add(dtrow); dtrow = dt.NewRow();              // Create New Row dtrow["UserId"] = 3;              //Bind Data to Columns dtrow["UserName"] = "Rahul"; dtrow["Education"] = "B.Tech"; dtrow["Location"] = "Bombai"; dt.Rows.Add(dtrow); dtrow = dt.NewRow();              // Create New Row dtrow["UserId"] = 4;              //Bind Data to Columns dtrow["UserName"] = "Amar"; dtrow["Education"] = "B.E"; dtrow["Location"] = "Bhopal"; dt.Rows.Add(dtrow); gvDetails.DataSource = dt; gvDetails.DataBind(); }      protected void btnProcess_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)      {          string str = string.Empty;          string strname = string.Empty;          foreach (GridViewRow gvrow in gvDetails.Rows)          {              CheckBox chk = (CheckBox)gvrow.FindControl("chkSelect");              if (chk != null & chk.Checked)              {                  str += gvDetails.DataKeys[gvrow.RowIndex].Value.ToString() + ',';                  strname += gvrow.Cells[2].Text + ',';              }          }          str = str.Trim(",".ToCharArray());          strname = strname.Trim(",".ToCharArray());          lblmsg.Text = "Selected UserIds: <b>" + str + "</b><br/>" + "Selected UserNames: <b>" + strname + "</b>";      }

Screen Short as shown below

After Select Check Box Show The Data

Download sample code attached

mongodb upload image using php

Categories :- What is Mongodb  Install Mongo on CentOS,Fedora, Ubuntu & Debian

---

Introduction : - In My privous article i have explained  What is Mongodb . 

GridFS is a specification for storing large files in MongoDB. In this post I will explain how you can easily upload a file to GridFS and then retrieve it from the database to serve it to the browser

The name of the uploaded file to store. This should correspond to the file field's name attribute in the HTML form

<html> <body> <!--The name of the uploaded file to store. This should correspond to the file field's name attribute in the HTML form. --> <form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">     <label for="username">Username:</label>     <input type="text" name="username" id="username" />     <label for="pic">Please upload a profile picture:</label>     <input type="file" name="pic" id="pic" />     <input type="submit" /> </form> </html></body>

If you wanted to store the uploaded image in MongoDB, you could do the following in the script handling the form submission:

<?php error_reporting(0); //// Turn off all error reporting //If you wanted to store the uploaded image in MongoDB, you could do the following in the script handling the form submission: $m = new MongoClient(); $gridfs = $m->selectDB('test')->getGridFS(); $gridfs->storeUpload('pic', array('username' => $_POST['username'])); echo 'File Uploaded Successfully'; ?>

Complete Code As Show Below

<!-- image and any file  uploaded  in mongodb --> <html> <body> <!--The name of the uploaded file to store. This should correspond to the file field's name attribute in the HTML form. --> <form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">     <label for="username">Username:</label>     <input type="text" name="username" id="username" />     <label for="pic">Please upload a profile picture:</label>     <input type="file" name="pic" id="pic" />     <input type="submit" /> </form> </html></body> <?php error_reporting(0); //// Turn off all error reporting //If you wanted to store the uploaded image in MongoDB, you could do the following in the script handling the form submission: $m = new MongoClient(); $gridfs = $m->selectDB('test')->getGridFS(); $gridfs->storeUpload('pic', array('username' => $_POST['username'])); echo 'File Uploaded Successfully'; ?>

Running output Image Screen Short As shown Below
1-> Run the Fie then

2-> when insert the Name and Browse the Image Screen Short As Show Below

3-> When Click on Submit  Query Button Get the Message (File Uploaded Successfully)

 4-> Check the Out In Database Image is Save or not open the genghis phpadmin then output as shown below

Download sample code attached

Differences Between WCF and ASP.NET Web Services

Categories :-    Introduction to WCF
 

Web Services	WCF Services
Web services were developed for building applications that send and receive messages by using the Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) over HTTP. The structure of the messages can be defined using an XML Schema, and a tool is provided to facilitate serializing the messages to and from .NET Framework objects. The technology can automatically generate metadata to describe Web services in the Web Services Description Language (WSDL)	WCF services were developed for building applications to send and receive messing by using many formats and conveyed by using any transport protocol. Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) is used by default format.The structure of the messages can be defined using an XML Schema, and there are various options for serializing the messages to and from .NET Framework objects. WCF can automatically generate metadata to describe applications built using the technology in WSDL, and it also provides a tool for generating clients for those applications from the WSDL. Support for sending messages using not only HTTP, but also TCP and other network protocols. The ability to switch message protocols with minimal effort. Support for hosting services on hosts other than a Web server. Built-in support for the latest Web services standards (SOAP 1.2 and WS-*) and the ability to easily support new ones. Support for security, transactions and reliability. Support for sending messages using formats other than SOAP.
XmlSerializer	DataContractSerializer
ASP.NET relies on the XmlSerializer to translate data represented by .NET Framework types to XML for transmission to or from a service and to translate data received as XML into .NET Framework objects. Defining the complex data types that an ASP.NET service is to use requires the definition of .NET Framework classes that the XmlSerializer can serialize to and from XML.	The DataContractAttribute signifies that zero or more of a type’s fields or properties are to be serialized, while the DataMemberAttribute indicates that a particular field or property is to be serialized. The DataContractAttribute can be applied to a class or structure. The DataMemberAttribute can be applied to a field or a property, and the fields and properties to which the attribute is applied can be either public or private. Instances of types that have the DataContractAttribute applied to them are referred to as data contracts in WCF. They are serialized into XML using DataContractSerializer.
The XmlSerializer and the attributes of the System.Xml.Serialization namespace are designed to allow you to map .NET Framework types to any valid type defined in XML Schema, and so they provide for very precise control over how a type is represented in XML.	The DataContractSerializer, DataContractAttribute and DataMemberAttribute provide very little control over how a type is represented in XML. You can only specify the namespaces and names used to represent the type and its fields or properties in the XML, and the sequence in which the fields and properties appear in the XML. Everything else about the structure of the XML used to represent the .NET type is determined by the DataContractSerializer. By not permitting much control over how a type is to be represented in XML, the serialization process becomes highly predictable for the DataContractSerializer, and, thereby, easier to optimize.
Lesser performance compared with WCF DataContractSerializer.	A practical benefit of the design of the DataContractSerializer is better performance, approximately ten percent better performance.
The attributes for use with the XmlSerializer do not indicate which fields or properties of the type are serialized into XML.	DataMemberAttribute for use with the DataContractSerializer shows explicitly which fields or properties are serialized. Therefore, data contracts are explicit contracts about the structure of the data that an application is to send and receive.
The XmlSerializer can only translate the public members of a .NET object into XML.	The DataContractSerializer can translate the members of objects into XML regardless of the access modifiers of those members.
Instances of collection classes can be serialized into XML only if the classes implement either the IEnumerable or ICollection interface.	The DataContractSerializer is much more likely to be able to serialize the instances of any pre-existing .NET type into XML without having to either modify the definition of the type or develop a wrapper for it.
Classes that implement the IDictionary interface, such as Hashtable, cannot be serialized into XML.	It can translate into XML types like Hashtable that implement the IDictionary interface.
XmlSerializer does not support versioning.	The DataContractSerializer incorporates some support for versioning.
XmlSerializer serializes a type by default is semantically identical to the XML.	DataContractSerializer serializes a type, provided the namespace for the XML is explicitly defined.

What is REST & RESTful?

Representational State Transfer (REST) is introduced by Roy Fielding on 2000; it is an architectural style of large-scale networked software that takes advantage of the technologies and protocols of the World Wide Web. REST illustrate how concentrated data objects, or resources, can be defined and addressed, stressing the easy exchange of information and scalability.
 EST architectural style is known as RESTFul Services.

WCF Services	RESTFul Services
Endpoints have to create for each network protocol	It can be connect over "Web" with HTTP request/response messages.
It works based on the Remote Procedural Call (RPC)	It is working with HTTP's uniform interface
Service Reference has to add in the client applications	No need to add the service reference in the client applications

Difference between WCF and Web service

Web service is a part of WCF. WCF offers much more flexibility and portability to develop a service when comparing to web service. Still we are having more advantages over Web service, following table provides detailed difference between them.

Features	Web Service	WCF
Hosting	It can be hosted in IIS	It can be hosted in IIS, windows activation service, Self-hosting, Windows service
Programming	[WebService] attribute has to be added to the class	[ServiceContraact] attribute has to be added to the class
Model	[WebMethod] attribute represents the method exposed to client	[OperationContract] attribute represents the method exposed to client
Operation	One-way, Request- Response are the different operations supported in web service	One-Way, Request-Response, Duplex are different type of operations supported in WCF
XML	System.Xml.serialization name space is used for serialization	System.Runtime.Serialization namespace is used for serialization
Encoding	XML 1.0, MTOM(Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism), DIME, Custom	XML 1.0, MTOM, Binary, Custom
Transports	Can be accessed through HTTP, TCP, Custom	Can be accessed through HTTP, TCP, Named pipes, MSMQ,P2P, Custom
Protocols	Security	Security, Reliable messaging, Transactions

how to create virtual directory in iis

To create a virtual directory by using IIS Manager

1. In IIS Manager, expand the local computer and the Sites folder, and then find the Web site that you want to add a virtual directory for. Use the following steps:
   
   
   • For , right-click the site or folder where you want to create the virtual directory, and then click Add Virtual Directory.
     
   • For Windows Server 2008, right-click the site or folder where you want to create the virtual directory, click Manage Web Site, and then click Add Virtual Directory.
     
2. In the Add Virtual Directory dialog box, specify the following information:
   
   
   • Alias. Type a name for the virtual directory. Choose a short name that is easy to type, because the user types this name to access the Web site.
     
   • Physical Path. Type or browse to the physical directory that contains the virtual directory. You can select an existing folder or create a new one to contain the content for the virtual directory.
     
3. To provide credentials to connect to a UNC path, click the Connect as button.
   
4. Click OK.